Epidemiological study of morbidity and mortality from osteomyelitis in Brazil (2014- 2023)

Ana Luísa Penha Castro Marques; José Carlos Gomes Patriota Neto; Aeriberto Carlos Lindoso de Souza; Ana Carolina Ribeiro de Araujo e Araujo; Maria Aparecida Costa; Márcio Anderson Sousa Nunes; Sueli de Souza Costa; Aline Maria Santos Faria; Almir José Guimarães Gouveia; José Alberto Pereira Pires; Michelline Joana Tenório Albuquerque Madruga Mesquita; Maria Hilda Araújo Ribeiro; Consuelo Penha Castro Marques

doi:10.15406/mojph.2024.13.00461

MOJ

eISSN: 2379-6383

Public Health

Research Article Volume 13 Issue 3

Epidemiological study of morbidity and mortality from osteomyelitis in Brazil (2014- 2023)

Ana Luísa Penha Castro Marques, José Carlos Gomes Patriota Neto, Aeriberto Carlos Lindoso de Souza, Ana Carolina Ribeiro de Araujo e Araujo, Maria Aparecida Costa, Márcio Anderson Sousa Nunes, Sueli de Souza Costa, Aline Maria Santos Faria, Almir José Guimarães Gouveia, José Alberto Pereira Pires, Michelline Joana Tenório Albuquerque Madruga Mesquita, Maria Hilda Araújo Ribeiro, Consuelo Penha Castro Marques

Received: October 29, 2024 | Published: December 17, 2024

Citation: Marques ALPC, Neto JCGP, Souza ACL. Epidemiological study of morbidity and mortality from osteomyelitis in Brazil (2014- 2023). MOJ Public Health. 2024;13(3):199-204. DOI: 10.15406/mojph.2024.13.00461

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Abstract

Osteomyelitis is an infectious inflammatory disease of acute or chronic nature that affects bone tissue, caused by the invasion of microorganisms (through exposure of injured skin tissue), by conventional trauma or post-surgical procedure, spreading through the systems and lodging in the bone, which can lead to necrosis. This is a research of great scientific relevance, as it gathers, associates and presents epidemiological data necessary for understanding the pathological profile of this disease, highlighting its signs and symptoms, diagnostic and treatment methods, to improve academic and professional knowledge about osteomyelitis, which has high morbidity and mortality due to late diagnosis, with complex therapeutic management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological profile of morbidity and mortality due to osteomyelitis in Brazil in the last decade, in order to provide data that support future research and serve as a basis for planning government actions regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this pathology. For this, an epidemiological, ecological, cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study was carried out, with secondary data from the SUS Hospital Information System/SIH-SUS (TABNET/DATASUS)-Ministry of Health-Brazil, of a time series (2014 to 2023), on ICD-10-M86: Osteomyelitis, in which variable parameters were measured: region, year, hospitalizations, race, sex, amount spent, average days of stay, deaths, and mortality rate. The data were tabulated in Excel, and the results presented in graphs, absolute numbers, and frequencies. This research does not require submission/approval by a Research Ethics Committee, as it uses secondary data from DATASUS. There were n =149183 hospitalizations for this pathology during the study period, with oscillating trends until 2019, a decrease in 2020 and a constant increasing trend until 2023. There was a predominance in the Southeast region (39%), followed by the Northeast region (29%) and the North region had fewer hospitalizations (6%). Males represented 71% of the sample. Regarding race in Brazil: more frequent in brown people (43%), followed by white people (31%), with variability in hospitalizations by race, between the regions, with the white race predominating in the Southeast (n = 24787) and South (n = 16989), and the brown race in the Northeast (n=26084), Central-West (n = 7282) and North (n = 6557). The total amount spent in the period was n=R$ 167977258,48. These data demonstrate that there is a high number of hospitalizations due to osteomyelitis in Brazil, with high costs, many days of hospitalization and some deaths. There were more hospitalizations, a higher average number of days and a higher mortality rate in the Southeast. Males were more affected, and brown and white individuals were more affected. It is highly relevant to closely monitor infectious processes in the body in order to prevent the bone progression of this infection in a case of osteomyelitis, through primary diagnosis and effective treatment in less severe phases at an outpatient level, and thus prevent hospitalizations and deaths, through early treatment, with better established care and antibiotic therapy protocols.

Keywords: epidemiology, osteomyelitis, hospitalization, public health