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Research Article Volume 11 Issue 1
Assessment of physicochemical status of some bottled and sachet water samples sold in Aba and Umuahia Cities of Abia State, Nigeria
Onyekachi Chidinma Ihemekwa, Innocent Ajah Okoro, Jude Chidozie Nnaji
Received: February 07, 2026 | Published: February 27, 2026
Citation: Ihemekwa OC, Okoro IA, Nnaji JC. Assessment of physicochemical status of some bottled and sachet water samples sold in Aba and Umuahia Cities of Abia State, Nigeria. MOJ Eco Environ Sci. 2026;11(1):30-35. DOI: 10.15406/mojes.2026.11.00377
Abstract
As packaged drinking water in the form of bottled and sachet water are very common in Nigeria, this study presents the results of the assessment of some bottled and sachet water sold in Aba and Umuahia cities of Abia state to ascertain their level of compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) specifications for drinking water. Three different brands of bottled water and 3 different brands of sachet water were sampled from shops in Aba and Umuahia respectively. The samples were physically examined and their physicochemical parameters analyzed using standard analytical procedure. The results from physical examination shows that all the water brands had product name, manufacturer’s name and NAFDAC number. The parameters investigated showed the following results: For Aba, pHbottlewater(6.91±0.07 - 7.39±0.10); pHsachetwater(6.00 ± 0.02 - 6.41 ± 0.04); TDSbottle water(86.67±5.77mg/L -106.67 ±5.72 mg/L); TDSSachetwater(66.67 ±5.77 mg/L-86.67±5.77 mg/L); TSSbottlewater(31.00±1.73 mg/L -79.33±1.16 mg/L); TSSSachetwater(30.67±1.16 mg/L - 89.00±1.00 mg/L); ECBottlewater(59.30±0.61 μS/cm -177.33±0.58 μS/cm); ECSachetwater(28.33±0.58 μS/cm -107.00±6.08μS/cm) ; Temperaturebottlewater(29.35±0.08℃ - 30.12±0.01 ℃); Temperaturesachetwater(29.80±0.10℃ -29.90±0.17℃). For Umuahia, pHBottlewater(6.69±0.01-7.48±0.02); pHSachetwater(4.42±0.51-7.15±0.06); TDSbottlewater(74.33±4.04 mg/L -89.33±1.16mg/L); TDSSachetwater(47.67±2.52 mg/L -80.67±1.16 mg/L); TSSbottlewater(27.67±2.52 mg/L -59.33±1.16 mg/L); TSSSachetwater(49.33±1.16 mg/L -68.67±8.08 mg/L); ECbottlewater(5.33±0.58μS/cm-31.33±1.53μS/cm); ECSachetwater(6.33±1.16 μS/cm -36.67±0.58 μS/cm); Temperaturebottlewater(29.13±0.39℃-29.16±0.36℃); Temperaturesachetwater(29.27±0.55 ℃ -29.83±0.06℃).All the above mentioned parameters are within the acceptable limits set by WHO and SON, except the pH of sachet water from both Aba and Umuahia. Also, results obtained show that DO, chloride, sulphate, fluoride and nitrate values for all the water samples are within the acceptable limit by WHO and SON.
Keywords: physicochemical parameters, WHO, SON, bottled water, Aba, Umuahia
©2026 Ihemekwa, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.
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