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Research Article Volume 13 Issue 2
Age-specific patterns of obesity and sleep quality in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study
Shubhashree Patil, Seema A Bagri, Tanuja Shah, Ayaz Ansari, Rohini S Gajare, Sybal Dbritto, Priti Sanghvi, Sanjyoti Khot, Aashna Patil, Sanjay Singla, Kapil Rathi, Bharat Saboo, Anuj Maheshwari
Received: August 20, 2026 | Published: September 2, 2026
Citation: Patil S, Bagri SA, Shah T, et al. Age-specific patterns of obesity and sleep quality in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study. J Diabetes Metab Disord Control. 2026;13(2):106-114. DOI: 10.15406/jdmdc.2026.13.00320
Abstract
Background: Obesity and poor sleep quality are common comorbidities in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may vary across age groups. However, age-specific patterns and the factors associated with these conditions in newly diagnosed T2DM remain insufficiently characterized. Understanding these patterns may support more individualized assessment and early intervention at the time of diagnosis. Aim: Obesity and poor sleep quality are common yet under-recognized comorbidities in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to evaluate age-specific patterns of obesity and sleep quality among newly diagnosed T2DM patients and to examine the relationship between these variables across different age groups. Methods: This multicentric, cross-sectional study enrolled adults aged 18–80 years with newly diagnosed T2DM from 17 centers across India (October 2023–April 2024). Participants were categorized into three age groups (18–40, 41–50, and >50 years). Anthropometric measurements, glycemic indices, lifestyle factors, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores were recorded. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥27.6 kg/m² (Asian criteria) and poor sleep as ESS ≥10. Associations were analyzed using ANOV A, chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE)-based mixedeffects logistic regression. Results: Among 591 participants, obesity was most prevalent in the youngest group (56.8%), whereas poor sleep was highest in the oldest group (20.4%). BMI showed a significant positive correlation with ESS scores (p<0.001). Poor sleep was independently associated with self-employment (AOR 2.70), grade 2 hypertension (AOR 5.80), and frequent alcohol use (AOR 4.18). Male sex (AOR 0.40) and not being in paid employment (AOR 0.52) were associated with lower odds of obesity, while grade 1 hypertension, smoking, and family history of diabetes were associated with higher obesity risk. Age was not independently associated with either outcome after adjustment. Conclusion: Obesity is more common in younger adults, whereas poor sleep is more frequent in older adults with newly diagnosed T2DM. However, metabolic, occupational, and behavioral factors are more strongly associated with obesity and poor sleep than age alone, supporting early individualized assessment of weight status, sleep quality, cardiovascular risk, and modifiable lifestyle factors at the time of diagnosis.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, sleep quality, epworth sleepiness scale, agespecific patterns, hypertension, lifestyle factors, India
©2026 Patil, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.