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Journal of
eISSN: 2373-4345

Dental Health, Oral Disorders & Therapy

Editorial Volume 4 Issue 2

Proteomics advancements in dentistry

Zohaib Khurshid,1 Sana Zohaib,2 Shariq Najeeb,3 Muhammad Sohail Zafar4

1Department of Biomaterials, School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, UK
2Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
3Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, King Abdullah Road, Saudi Arabia
4Department of Restorative Dentistry, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia

Correspondence: Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia

Received: January 27, 2015 | Published: February 16, 2016

Citation: Khurshid Z, Zohaib S, Najeeb S, et al. Proteomics advancements in dentistry. J Dent Health Oral Disord Ther. 2016;4(2):54-55. DOI: 10.15406/jdhodt.2016.04.00104

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Abbreviations

PCR, polyacrylamide; MS, mass spectrometry; AEP, acquired enamel pellicle; SKB, salivaomics knowledge base; PDL, periodontal ligaments

Editorial

Proteins are enormously composed of sophisticated 20 different types of amino acids. Proteins perform a crucial role in structural support, catalysis, and signal transmission, hence called “working horses” of a cell.1 The word “Proteome” is amalgamation of two words “protein” and “genome”, were first introduced by Mark Wilkins in 1986.2 Proteomics is the special branch of life sciences that deals with the distribution and interaction of proteins in time, and space in cells, organisms or even within an ecosystem. For this contents of proteins sample measure through a sequence of separation, identification and in last counted by highly specialized proteomics tools such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-Gel), mass spectrometry (MS), real time-PCR, microarrays and chromatographical tools.3-5 This discovery science brings revolution in biomedical sciences by revealing the normal physiological and pathological phenomenon occurring in living organisms.

In last two decades, proteomics technologies widely used in dentistry and produced huge amount of protein data regarding physiological conditions and pathological conditions.6-10 In medical science literature electronic databases (e.g. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) search reported 60% to 70% use of different proteomical tools in normal or diseased dental tissues (enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, alveolar bone, saliva, gingival crevicular fluids, acquired enamel pellicle, and oral mucosa) and dental materials for proteomic analysis.11-16 Siqueira et al.17 identified human acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) proteins composition through LC-ESI-MS/MS and detected 130 total proteins.17 AEP provide selective permeability barrier that controls demineralization/remineralization and act as lubricating film, and its proteome configuration can help in understanding of dental decay processes.18 Human whole mouth saliva is analysed frequently through proteomic tools due to its non-invasive, patient privacy control, and easy sampling. Approximately 3000 salivary proteome are reported in Salivaomics Knowledge Base (SKB), developed by the UCLA School of Dentistry, USA (www.hspp.ucla.edu/skb.swf).19 Dame et al. 20 used a variety of analytical tools including gas chromatography mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, direct flow injection/liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography to calculate 308 salivary metabolites.20 More recently, Mrozik et al. 21 evaluated the comparison of proteome between bone marrow, periodontal ligaments (PDL) and dental pulp through 2-DE, MS/MS21 Salmon et al.22 comprehensively analysed proteomics of dental cementum through LC-MS/MS and detected 231 proteins, very interestingly researcher identified superoxide dismutase-3, a novel biomarker associated with cementum and cementum cells.22

To sum up, proteomics tools bring drastic change in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of dental diseases. With the help of proteomic tools dentistry getting specialized field which deals disease condition with minimal interventions.

References

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  6. Garg K, Chandra S, Raj V, et al. Molecular and genetic aspects of odontogenic tumors: a review. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2015;18(6):529–536.
  7. Khurshid Z, Naseem M, Sheikh Z, et al. Oral antimicrobial peptides: Types and role in the oral cavity. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2015;24(5):515–524.
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  17. Siqueira W, Zhang W, Helmerhorst EJ, Gygi S, Oppenheim FG. Identification of protein components in in-vivo human acquired enamel pellicle using LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Proteome Res. 2007;6(6):2152–2160.
  18. Siqueira WL, Helmerhorst EJ, Zhang W, et al. Acquired enamel pellicle and its potential role in oral diagnostics. Ann N Y Acad of Sciences. 2007;1098:504–509.
  19. Wong DT. Salivary diagnostics powered by nanotechnologies, proteomics and genomics. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137(3):313–321.
  20. Dame ZT, Aziat F, Mandal R, et al.The human saliva metabolome. Metabolomics. 2015;11(6):1864–1883.
  21. Mrozik KM, Zilm PS, Bagley CJ, et al. Proteomic characterization of mesenchymal stem cell-like populations derived from ovine periodontal ligament, dental pulp, and bone marrow: analysis of differentially expressed proteins. Stem Cells Dev. 2010;19(10):1485–1499.
  22. Salmon CR, Tomazela DM, Ruiz KGS, et al. Proteomic analysis of human dental cementum and alveolar bone. J Proteomics. 2013;91:544–555.
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©2016 Khurshid, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.

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