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Proceeding Volume 1 Issue 3
Effect of tooth brushing with A novel dentifrice on porcelain roughness and gloss
Garcia Godoy, RA Wicks, F Garcia Godoy, B Morrow, Lisa Marie Kao
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College of Dentistry and College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA
Correspondence: Garcia-Godoy, College of Dentistry and College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 920 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
Received: June 13, 2014 | Published: June 18, 2014
Citation: Godoy G, Wicks RA, Godoy FG, et al. Effect of tooth brushing with a novel dentifrice on porcelain roughness and gloss. J Dent Health Oral Disord Ther. 2014;1(3):68-70. DOI: 10.15406/jdhodt.2014.01.00016
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel dentifrice (Diamynt, with fluoride, xylitol, herbal extracts, hydrated silica and diamond particles) on the surface roughness and gloss of two commercially available dental porcelains following simulated toothbrushing.
Methods: Two commercially available porcelains (Vita VM13 and Ceramco 3) were used, as well as commercial finishing and polishing instruments (Dialite wheels). The porcelain samples were fabricated and polished by a professional dental laboratory with the same dimensions and polishing method. Roughness (Ra) was evaluated with a stylus profilometer (Federal PocketSurf). Gloss measurements were obtained by using a 60° small object glossmeter (Rhopoint NovoCurve Glossmeter). Following initial surface analysis of gloss and profilometry, the polished side of every sample was treated with a simulated toothbrushing technique previously published using a toothbrushing device (Sabri Dental V-8 Toothbrush Abrasion Machine). Diamynt and Arm & Hammer Whitening toothpaste were independently used to create a 50:50 w/w slurry with deionized water. Each surface was brushed 10,000 times. (Equivalent to 1 year toothbrushing) Then, the samples were rinsed with tap water and stored in 100% humidity until roughness and gloss values were obtained using the glossmeter and profilometer. Data was analyzed using two-tailed, unequal variance t-tests.
Results: Diamynt toothpaste had no significant effect on surface roughness or gloss on either porcelain tested.
Arm and Hammer had no effect on the surface roughness of either porcelain, but a significant effect (P<0.05) on surface gloss of Ceramco 3 porcelain.
Conclusion: Effects of toothbrush abrasion was shown to be material and toothpaste dependent.
Introduction
The size of the filler particles that are incorporated into a dentifrice can affect the color properties and surface roughness of both natural teeth and prosthetic surfaces. Traditional measurement of color relies on evaluation of hue, chroma, value, but a fourth factor is gloss. Gloss can be measured in a relative unit named “Gloss units,” a scale from 0 (matte, no reflectance) to 100 (polished, mirror-like surface). Roughness, measured in Ra serves as an indicator of how abrasivity has affected a sample after being repeatedly passed over a rough surface. Due to their common use as veneering materials over metal substructures for porcelain fused-to-metal crowns, Vita Zahnfabrik VM 13 and Dentsply Ceramco 3 porcelain were chosen as suitable determinant surfaces for abrasion with dentifrices (Chart 1).
Chart 1
Purpose
Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel dentifrice (Diamynt, with fluoride, xylitol, herbal extracts, hydrated silica and diamond particles) on the surface roughness and gloss of two commercially available dental porcelains following simulated toothbrushing.
Material and methods
Two commercially available porcelains (Vita VM13 and Ceramco 3) were used, as well as commercial finishing and polishing instruments (Dialite wheels). Sixteen samples were fabricated for each group. The porcelain samples were fabricated and polished by a professional dental laboratory with the same dimensions and polishing method. Roughness (Ra) was evaluated with a stylus profilometer (Federal PocketSurf). Gloss measurements were obtained by using a 60° small object glossmeter (Rhopoint NovoCurve Glossmeter). Following initial surface analysis of gloss and profilometry, the polished side of every sample was treated with a simulated toothbrushing technique previously published1 using a toothbrushing device (Sabri Dental V-8 Toothbrush Abrasion Machine). Diamynt and Arm & Hammer Whitening toothpaste were independently used to create 50:50 w/w slurry with deionized water. Each surface was brushed 10,000 times. (Equivalent to 1 year toothbrushing) Then, the samples were rinsed with tap water and stored in 100% humidity until roughness and gloss values were obtained using the glossmeter and profilometer. Data was analyzed using two-tailed, unequal variance t-tests.
Results
Diamynt toothpaste had no significant effect on surface roughness or gloss on either porcelain tested. Arm and Hammer had no effect on the surface roughness of either porcelain, but a significant effect (P<0.05) on surface gloss of Ceramco 3 porcelain. Data here represents four test groups (Vita and Ceramco/Diamynt and Arm & Hammer), and each measurement included six measurements (Chart 2−10).
Chart 2
Chart 3
Chart 4
Chart 5
Chart 6
Chart 7
Chart 8
Chart 9
Chart 10
Conclusion
Effects of toothbrush abrasion were shown to be material and toothpaste dependent. In Addition: All samples were measured with three readings on random areas within 5mm of the center with a Konica-Minolta Spectrophotometer for L*a*b* values before and after brushing, however, data analysis has not been completed yet. Future directions for this project will be the continuation of measurement of surface roughness using an optical profilometer to increase representation of the sample through increasing total measurement area.
Acknowledgements
UTHSC College of Dentistry Alumni Endowment Fund and Tennessee Dental Association Foundation.
Conflict of interest
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
©2014 Godoy, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.